How ‘Lightweight Genes’ Can Protect Against Heavy Drinking, But May Also Increase Health Risks

A recent study has revealed new information about genes that protect against heavy drinking. While these genes are known to prevent alcoholism, they may also be linked to other health conditions. Scientists analyzed over 3 million genetic records and focused on variations in genetic code known as SNPs. These SNPs have previously been associated with lower alcohol consumption and a reduced risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD). These “lightweight genes” cause unpleasant reactions to alcohol, like nausea, which can serve as a deterrent to overconsumption.

The research, led by a team at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, found connections to conditions such as heart disease and mental health issues. However, further investigation is required to fully understand these links. The study was recently published in the Lancet eBioMedicine.

According to the corresponding author and associate professor at UC San Diego School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, individuals who have a minor allele variant of the SNP convert ethanol into acetaldehyde very rapidly, resulting in negative effects like nausea that overshadow any pleasurable effects of alcohol. The study classified individuals into European, Latin American, and African American groups based on their genetic data.