The Iron Goliath of New Delhi: A 1,600-Year-Old Pillar that Baffles Scientists and Inspires Awe

In the courtyard of the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque in Mehrauli district, New Delhi, stands an iron pillar that has remained intact for over 1,600 years. This 7.2 meter high and 6 tonnes heavy structure has withstood the test of time, defying scientists’ understanding of how it can last so long. The pillar’s durability is attributed to a combination of ancient construction techniques and unique metallurgical properties.

In 2003, researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Kanpur discovered that the pillar was primarily made from wrought iron with high levels of phosphorus and no sulfur or magnesium. This was achieved through a technique known as “forge welding,” which allowed the metal to be fused together without losing its strength or integrity.

The presence of a thin layer of misawite on the surface of the pillar also contributed to its longevity. This ancient method of construction combined with the metal’s unique properties make this pillar a symbol of India’s ancient craftsmanship and metallurgy.

Despite its enigmatic origins and missing statue of Garuda, the mount of Lord Vishnu, this iron pillar continues to captivate archaeologists and scientists alike. To preserve this historical monument, the Archaeological Survey of India constructed a moat around it, minimizing human impact while ensuring its continued protection.

Overall, this ancient iron pillar stands as a testament to India’s rich history and technological prowess in times long past. Its durability and resilience have inspired countless generations to explore and learn from our ancestors’ remarkable achievements in metallurgy and construction.