Lapland Terns: Adapting to Climate Change and Changing Food Sources on Their Spring and Autumn Migrations

Despite the challenges they face during the nesting season, Lapland terns have adapted to climate change and are able to tolerate increases in carbon dioxide emissions. Researchers have found that even with projected increases in emissions by 2100, the birds nesting in Sweden, Iceland, and Greenland are not significantly impacted.

The Lapland terns embark on their spring migration from Antarctic waters in March-April, stopping to refuel with small fish and crustaceans along the way. The birds use locators attached to their bodies to track their journeys and predict how changing climate conditions may affect their food sources.

While the Lapland terns may face potential depletion of food in the North Atlantic during the nesting season, they are able to adapt if the loss is not severe. The birds also dine on nutrient-rich areas on their autumn migration towards the south, finding ample food sources in Africa and the Indian Ocean.

In Antarctica, where the Lapland terns fish for krill crustaceans, researchers have found that ice levels are stable and there is enough krill for the birds to feed on. While headwinds may become stronger in the future, the Lapland terns have adapted their migration patterns to navigate these changes.

Overall, studying the migration patterns and food sources of Lapland terns can provide valuable insights into how these birds are adapting to environmental challenges brought about by climate change.